![]() However, seeds from preserved STDFs germinated faster than seeds from the human-converted area. Besides, we did not observe any effect of habitat disturbance on germination percentage. Likewise, the number of undamaged seeds, aborted seeds, pre-dispersal predated seeds, and seed production were independent of habitat conditions. None of the biometric seed measures differed between different habitat conditions. Habitat disturbance did not affect the length or width of fruits only fruit thickness was larger in trees of STDFs habitat. In general, diaspore fates from both areas were similar, i.e., there was no difference in the reproductive success of trees in STDFs and human-converted area. We compared 20 adult trees present in a STDFs preserved area and 20 adult trees present in a human-converted area. In this study, we determined the effects of seasonally tropical dry forests (STDFs) conversion by anthropogenic disturbance by assessing diaspore fate of Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Thus, habitat disturbance alters distinct ecological processes, such as plant reproductive success and diaspore fate. Habitat conversion is one of the major threats for biodiversity conservation and viability of natural populations. Hegemonic macroeconomic policies affecting TDFs have been deeply rooted in deforestation for commodities production, and need urgent review because they cause long-term environmental impacts without evidence of welfare gains. Our results highlight the importance of naturally regenerating secondary forests to the maintenance of ecosystem integrity and its services, which are frequently neglected in conservation strategies. LUCC variables did not affect welfare indicators, undermining claims from rural sectors that TDF protection would cause a socioeconomic burden for northern Minas Gerais. TDF regeneration was directly affected by county area and inversely affected by the increase in population density and terrain declivity. TDF deforestation was directly affected by county area and by the increase in cattle density, and inversely affected by terrain declivity, indicating that land conversion is mostly driven by cattle ranching in flat regions. The annual rate of TDF cover change was −1.2%, which is extremely high for a vegetation type that is protected as part of the Atlantic Rain Forest biome since 1993. We identified a considerable change in TDF cover, expressed as 9825 km² of deforestation and 6523 km² of regeneration, which resulted in a net loss of 3302 km². Further, we determined the effects of these LUCC variables on socioeconomic indicators. ![]() We evaluated the potential biophysical and social-economic drivers of TDF loss, natural regeneration and net area change at the county level. The present study aimed at analyzing LUCC in Brazilian TDFs between 20, using the north of Minas Gerais state (128 000 km²) as a case study. Such land use and cover changes (LUCC) usually are strongly influenced by government environmental and development policies. Tropical Dry Forests (TDFs) have been broadly converted into pastures and crops, with direct consequences to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and social welfare.
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